diff --git a/go/cmd/emailnotifierjob/main.go b/go/cmd/emailnotifierjob/main.go
index 325cdc3..2a227c8 100644
--- a/go/cmd/emailnotifierjob/main.go
+++ b/go/cmd/emailnotifierjob/main.go
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ const (
 	// Minimum time a message must be unread before we consider notifying
 	unreadThreshold = 10 * time.Minute
 	// Minimum time between emails to the same user
-	emailCooldown = 1 * time.Hour
+	emailCooldown = 12 * time.Hour
 )
 
 func main() {
@@ -107,17 +107,15 @@ func runNotificationCycle(
 	behindCounts := map[string]int{}
 	latestActivity := map[string]time.Time{}
 
-	// Get all currently connected humans (empty channel_ids = all connections)
+	// Get all currently connected humans
 	allOnline := map[string]bool{}
-	presenceResp, err := pusherSvc.BulkGetPresence(ctx, &pbpusher.BulkGetPresenceRequest{})
+	onlineResp, err := pusherSvc.GetOnlineHumanIds(ctx, &pbpusher.GetOnlineHumanIdsRequest{})
 	if err != nil {
-		slog.Error("failed to get connected humans", "error", err)
-		// Continue without presence data — worst case we send an email to someone who's online
-	} else if ch, ok := presenceResp.Presences["_all"]; ok {
-		slog.Info("gathered bulk presence", "# of humans present", fmt.Sprintf("%d", len(ch.HumanIds)))
-		for _, id := range ch.HumanIds {
-			allOnline[id] = true
-		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to get online humans: %w", err)
+	}
+	slog.Info("gathered online presence", "onlineCount", len(onlineResp.HumanIds), "humanIds", onlineResp.HumanIds)
+	for _, id := range onlineResp.HumanIds {
+		allOnline[id] = true
 	}
 
 	for _, net := range networks {
@@ -288,7 +286,7 @@ func buildEmailHTML(name string, count int, streamsWord string) string {
   <p>You have unread messages in <strong>%d %s</strong> on Flowy.llink.</p>
   <p>Open the app to catch up with your team.</p>
   <p style="color: #666; font-size: 13px; margin-top: 32px;">
-    Best,<br>Flowy Team
+    Best,<br>Flowy Team <br>Note: disable email notifications from in-app settings.
   </p>
 </body>
 </html>`, name, count, streamsWord)
diff --git a/go/genproto/llink/pusher/pusher.pb.go b/go/genproto/llink/pusher/pusher.pb.go
index 727ec72..66c0ff8 100644
--- a/go/genproto/llink/pusher/pusher.pb.go
+++ b/go/genproto/llink/pusher/pusher.pb.go
@@ -20,29 +20,26 @@ const (
 	_ = protoimpl.EnforceVersion(protoimpl.MaxVersion - 20)
 )
 
-type BulkGetPresenceRequest struct {
+type GetOnlineHumanIdsRequest struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
 	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
-
-	// Channel IDs to query. Empty means "all connected humans".
-	ChannelIds []string `protobuf:"bytes,1,rep,name=channel_ids,json=channelIds,proto3" json:"channel_ids,omitempty"`
 }
 
-func (x *BulkGetPresenceRequest) Reset() {
-	*x = BulkGetPresenceRequest{}
+func (x *GetOnlineHumanIdsRequest) Reset() {
+	*x = GetOnlineHumanIdsRequest{}
 	mi := &file_llink_pusher_pusher_proto_msgTypes[0]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
 
-func (x *BulkGetPresenceRequest) String() string {
+func (x *GetOnlineHumanIdsRequest) String() string {
 	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
 }
 
-func (*BulkGetPresenceRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
+func (*GetOnlineHumanIdsRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
 
-func (x *BulkGetPresenceRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+func (x *GetOnlineHumanIdsRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 	mi := &file_llink_pusher_pusher_proto_msgTypes[0]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
@@ -54,19 +51,192 @@ func (x *BulkGetPresenceRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 	return mi.MessageOf(x)
 }
 
-// Deprecated: Use BulkGetPresenceRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
-func (*BulkGetPresenceRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+// Deprecated: Use GetOnlineHumanIdsRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*GetOnlineHumanIdsRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
 	return file_llink_pusher_pusher_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{0}
 }
 
-func (x *BulkGetPresenceRequest) GetChannelIds() []string {
+type GetOnlineHumanIdsResponse struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	HumanIds []string `protobuf:"bytes,1,rep,name=human_ids,json=humanIds,proto3" json:"human_ids,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (x *GetOnlineHumanIdsResponse) Reset() {
+	*x = GetOnlineHumanIdsResponse{}
+	mi := &file_llink_pusher_pusher_proto_msgTypes[1]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *GetOnlineHumanIdsResponse) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*GetOnlineHumanIdsResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *GetOnlineHumanIdsResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_llink_pusher_pusher_proto_msgTypes[1]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use GetOnlineHumanIdsResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*GetOnlineHumanIdsResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_llink_pusher_pusher_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{1}
+}
+
+func (x *GetOnlineHumanIdsResponse) GetHumanIds() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.HumanIds
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+type IsOnlineRequest struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	HumanIds []string `protobuf:"bytes,1,rep,name=human_ids,json=humanIds,proto3" json:"human_ids,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (x *IsOnlineRequest) Reset() {
+	*x = IsOnlineRequest{}
+	mi := &file_llink_pusher_pusher_proto_msgTypes[2]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *IsOnlineRequest) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*IsOnlineRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *IsOnlineRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_llink_pusher_pusher_proto_msgTypes[2]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use IsOnlineRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*IsOnlineRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_llink_pusher_pusher_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{2}
+}
+
+func (x *IsOnlineRequest) GetHumanIds() []string {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.HumanIds
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+type IsOnlineResponse struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	Online map[string]bool `protobuf:"bytes,1,rep,name=online,proto3" json:"online,omitempty" protobuf_key:"bytes,1,opt,name=key,proto3" protobuf_val:"varint,2,opt,name=value,proto3"`
+}
+
+func (x *IsOnlineResponse) Reset() {
+	*x = IsOnlineResponse{}
+	mi := &file_llink_pusher_pusher_proto_msgTypes[3]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *IsOnlineResponse) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*IsOnlineResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *IsOnlineResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_llink_pusher_pusher_proto_msgTypes[3]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use IsOnlineResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*IsOnlineResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_llink_pusher_pusher_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{3}
+}
+
+func (x *IsOnlineResponse) GetOnline() map[string]bool {
+	if x != nil {
+		return x.Online
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+type GetChannelPresenceRequest struct {
+	state         protoimpl.MessageState
+	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
+	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
+
+	ChannelIds []string `protobuf:"bytes,1,rep,name=channel_ids,json=channelIds,proto3" json:"channel_ids,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (x *GetChannelPresenceRequest) Reset() {
+	*x = GetChannelPresenceRequest{}
+	mi := &file_llink_pusher_pusher_proto_msgTypes[4]
+	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+}
+
+func (x *GetChannelPresenceRequest) String() string {
+	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
+}
+
+func (*GetChannelPresenceRequest) ProtoMessage() {}
+
+func (x *GetChannelPresenceRequest) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_llink_pusher_pusher_proto_msgTypes[4]
+	if x != nil {
+		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
+		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
+			ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
+		}
+		return ms
+	}
+	return mi.MessageOf(x)
+}
+
+// Deprecated: Use GetChannelPresenceRequest.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*GetChannelPresenceRequest) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_llink_pusher_pusher_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{4}
+}
+
+func (x *GetChannelPresenceRequest) GetChannelIds() []string {
 	if x != nil {
 		return x.ChannelIds
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
-type BulkGetPresenceResponse struct {
+type GetChannelPresenceResponse struct {
 	state         protoimpl.MessageState
 	sizeCache     protoimpl.SizeCache
 	unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
@@ -74,21 +244,21 @@ type BulkGetPresenceResponse struct {
 	Presences map[string]*ChannelPresence `protobuf:"bytes,1,rep,name=presences,proto3" json:"presences,omitempty" protobuf_key:"bytes,1,opt,name=key,proto3" protobuf_val:"bytes,2,opt,name=value,proto3"`
 }
 
-func (x *BulkGetPresenceResponse) Reset() {
-	*x = BulkGetPresenceResponse{}
-	mi := &file_llink_pusher_pusher_proto_msgTypes[1]
+func (x *GetChannelPresenceResponse) Reset() {
+	*x = GetChannelPresenceResponse{}
+	mi := &file_llink_pusher_pusher_proto_msgTypes[5]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
 
-func (x *BulkGetPresenceResponse) String() string {
+func (x *GetChannelPresenceResponse) String() string {
 	return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
 }
 
-func (*BulkGetPresenceResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
+func (*GetChannelPresenceResponse) ProtoMessage() {}
 
-func (x *BulkGetPresenceResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_llink_pusher_pusher_proto_msgTypes[1]
+func (x *GetChannelPresenceResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
+	mi := &file_llink_pusher_pusher_proto_msgTypes[5]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -99,12 +269,12 @@ func (x *BulkGetPresenceResponse) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 	return mi.MessageOf(x)
 }
 
-// Deprecated: Use BulkGetPresenceResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
-func (*BulkGetPresenceResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_llink_pusher_pusher_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{1}
+// Deprecated: Use GetChannelPresenceResponse.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
+func (*GetChannelPresenceResponse) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return file_llink_pusher_pusher_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{5}
 }
 
-func (x *BulkGetPresenceResponse) GetPresences() map[string]*ChannelPresence {
+func (x *GetChannelPresenceResponse) GetPresences() map[string]*ChannelPresence {
 	if x != nil {
 		return x.Presences
 	}
@@ -121,7 +291,7 @@ type ChannelPresence struct {
 
 func (x *ChannelPresence) Reset() {
 	*x = ChannelPresence{}
-	mi := &file_llink_pusher_pusher_proto_msgTypes[2]
+	mi := &file_llink_pusher_pusher_proto_msgTypes[6]
 	ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 	ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
 }
@@ -133,7 +303,7 @@ func (x *ChannelPresence) String() string {
 func (*ChannelPresence) ProtoMessage() {}
 
 func (x *ChannelPresence) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
-	mi := &file_llink_pusher_pusher_proto_msgTypes[2]
+	mi := &file_llink_pusher_pusher_proto_msgTypes[6]
 	if x != nil {
 		ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
 		if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
@@ -146,7 +316,7 @@ func (x *ChannelPresence) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
 
 // Deprecated: Use ChannelPresence.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
 func (*ChannelPresence) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
-	return file_llink_pusher_pusher_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{2}
+	return file_llink_pusher_pusher_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{6}
 }
 
 func (x *ChannelPresence) GetHumanIds() []string {
@@ -161,38 +331,68 @@ var File_llink_pusher_pusher_proto protoreflect.FileDescriptor
 var file_llink_pusher_pusher_proto_rawDesc = []byte{
 	0x0a, 0x19, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x6b, 0x2f, 0x70, 0x75, 0x73, 0x68, 0x65, 0x72, 0x2f, 0x70,
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+	0x67, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x2f, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x6b, 0x2f, 0x70,
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+	0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x33,
 }
 
 var (
@@ -207,23 +407,33 @@ func file_llink_pusher_pusher_proto_rawDescGZIP() []byte {
 	return file_llink_pusher_pusher_proto_rawDescData
 }
 
-var file_llink_pusher_pusher_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 4)
+var file_llink_pusher_pusher_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 9)
 var file_llink_pusher_pusher_proto_goTypes = []any{
-	(*BulkGetPresenceRequest)(nil),  // 0: llink.pusher.BulkGetPresenceRequest
-	(*BulkGetPresenceResponse)(nil), // 1: llink.pusher.BulkGetPresenceResponse
-	(*ChannelPresence)(nil),         // 2: llink.pusher.ChannelPresence
-	nil,                             // 3: llink.pusher.BulkGetPresenceResponse.PresencesEntry
+	(*GetOnlineHumanIdsRequest)(nil),   // 0: llink.pusher.GetOnlineHumanIdsRequest
+	(*GetOnlineHumanIdsResponse)(nil),  // 1: llink.pusher.GetOnlineHumanIdsResponse
+	(*IsOnlineRequest)(nil),            // 2: llink.pusher.IsOnlineRequest
+	(*IsOnlineResponse)(nil),           // 3: llink.pusher.IsOnlineResponse
+	(*GetChannelPresenceRequest)(nil),  // 4: llink.pusher.GetChannelPresenceRequest
+	(*GetChannelPresenceResponse)(nil), // 5: llink.pusher.GetChannelPresenceResponse
+	(*ChannelPresence)(nil),            // 6: llink.pusher.ChannelPresence
+	nil,                                // 7: llink.pusher.IsOnlineResponse.OnlineEntry
+	nil,                                // 8: llink.pusher.GetChannelPresenceResponse.PresencesEntry
 }
 var file_llink_pusher_pusher_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
-	3, // 0: llink.pusher.BulkGetPresenceResponse.presences:type_name -> llink.pusher.BulkGetPresenceResponse.PresencesEntry
-	2, // 1: llink.pusher.BulkGetPresenceResponse.PresencesEntry.value:type_name -> llink.pusher.ChannelPresence
-	0, // 2: llink.pusher.PusherService.BulkGetPresence:input_type -> llink.pusher.BulkGetPresenceRequest
-	1, // 3: llink.pusher.PusherService.BulkGetPresence:output_type -> llink.pusher.BulkGetPresenceResponse
-	3, // [3:4] is the sub-list for method output_type
-	2, // [2:3] is the sub-list for method input_type
-	2, // [2:2] is the sub-list for extension type_name
-	2, // [2:2] is the sub-list for extension extendee
-	0, // [0:2] is the sub-list for field type_name
+	7, // 0: llink.pusher.IsOnlineResponse.online:type_name -> llink.pusher.IsOnlineResponse.OnlineEntry
+	8, // 1: llink.pusher.GetChannelPresenceResponse.presences:type_name -> llink.pusher.GetChannelPresenceResponse.PresencesEntry
+	6, // 2: llink.pusher.GetChannelPresenceResponse.PresencesEntry.value:type_name -> llink.pusher.ChannelPresence
+	0, // 3: llink.pusher.PusherService.GetOnlineHumanIds:input_type -> llink.pusher.GetOnlineHumanIdsRequest
+	2, // 4: llink.pusher.PusherService.IsOnline:input_type -> llink.pusher.IsOnlineRequest
+	4, // 5: llink.pusher.PusherService.GetChannelPresence:input_type -> llink.pusher.GetChannelPresenceRequest
+	1, // 6: llink.pusher.PusherService.GetOnlineHumanIds:output_type -> llink.pusher.GetOnlineHumanIdsResponse
+	3, // 7: llink.pusher.PusherService.IsOnline:output_type -> llink.pusher.IsOnlineResponse
+	5, // 8: llink.pusher.PusherService.GetChannelPresence:output_type -> llink.pusher.GetChannelPresenceResponse
+	6, // [6:9] is the sub-list for method output_type
+	3, // [3:6] is the sub-list for method input_type
+	3, // [3:3] is the sub-list for extension type_name
+	3, // [3:3] is the sub-list for extension extendee
+	0, // [0:3] is the sub-list for field type_name
 }
 
 func init() { file_llink_pusher_pusher_proto_init() }
@@ -237,7 +447,7 @@ func file_llink_pusher_pusher_proto_init() {
 			GoPackagePath: reflect.TypeOf(x{}).PkgPath(),
 			RawDescriptor: file_llink_pusher_pusher_proto_rawDesc,
 			NumEnums:      0,
-			NumMessages:   4,
+			NumMessages:   9,
 			NumExtensions: 0,
 			NumServices:   1,
 		},
diff --git a/go/genproto/llink/pusher/pusher_grpc.pb.go b/go/genproto/llink/pusher/pusher_grpc.pb.go
index 0cf7816..ee22c3d 100644
--- a/go/genproto/llink/pusher/pusher_grpc.pb.go
+++ b/go/genproto/llink/pusher/pusher_grpc.pb.go
@@ -19,17 +19,21 @@ import (
 const _ = grpc.SupportPackageIsVersion9
 
 const (
-	PusherService_BulkGetPresence_FullMethodName = "/llink.pusher.PusherService/BulkGetPresence"
+	PusherService_GetOnlineHumanIds_FullMethodName  = "/llink.pusher.PusherService/GetOnlineHumanIds"
+	PusherService_IsOnline_FullMethodName           = "/llink.pusher.PusherService/IsOnline"
+	PusherService_GetChannelPresence_FullMethodName = "/llink.pusher.PusherService/GetChannelPresence"
 )
 
 // PusherServiceClient is the client API for PusherService service.
 //
 // For semantics around ctx use and closing/ending streaming RPCs, please refer to https://pkg.go.dev/google.golang.org/grpc/?tab=doc#ClientConn.NewStream.
 type PusherServiceClient interface {
-	// BulkGetPresence returns presence for the given channels.
-	// When channel_ids is empty, returns all connected humanIDs across all channels
-	// under the key "_all" — useful for checking overall online status.
-	BulkGetPresence(ctx context.Context, in *BulkGetPresenceRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*BulkGetPresenceResponse, error)
+	// Returns all currently connected human IDs.
+	GetOnlineHumanIds(ctx context.Context, in *GetOnlineHumanIdsRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*GetOnlineHumanIdsResponse, error)
+	// Returns whether specific humans are currently online.
+	IsOnline(ctx context.Context, in *IsOnlineRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*IsOnlineResponse, error)
+	// Returns presence (human IDs) for specific channels.
+	GetChannelPresence(ctx context.Context, in *GetChannelPresenceRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*GetChannelPresenceResponse, error)
 }
 
 type pusherServiceClient struct {
@@ -40,10 +44,30 @@ func NewPusherServiceClient(cc grpc.ClientConnInterface) PusherServiceClient {
 	return &pusherServiceClient{cc}
 }
 
-func (c *pusherServiceClient) BulkGetPresence(ctx context.Context, in *BulkGetPresenceRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*BulkGetPresenceResponse, error) {
+func (c *pusherServiceClient) GetOnlineHumanIds(ctx context.Context, in *GetOnlineHumanIdsRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*GetOnlineHumanIdsResponse, error) {
 	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
-	out := new(BulkGetPresenceResponse)
-	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, PusherService_BulkGetPresence_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
+	out := new(GetOnlineHumanIdsResponse)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, PusherService_GetOnlineHumanIds_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+func (c *pusherServiceClient) IsOnline(ctx context.Context, in *IsOnlineRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*IsOnlineResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
+	out := new(IsOnlineResponse)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, PusherService_IsOnline_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+func (c *pusherServiceClient) GetChannelPresence(ctx context.Context, in *GetChannelPresenceRequest, opts ...grpc.CallOption) (*GetChannelPresenceResponse, error) {
+	cOpts := append([]grpc.CallOption{grpc.StaticMethod()}, opts...)
+	out := new(GetChannelPresenceResponse)
+	err := c.cc.Invoke(ctx, PusherService_GetChannelPresence_FullMethodName, in, out, cOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -54,10 +78,12 @@ func (c *pusherServiceClient) BulkGetPresence(ctx context.Context, in *BulkGetPr
 // All implementations must embed UnimplementedPusherServiceServer
 // for forward compatibility.
 type PusherServiceServer interface {
-	// BulkGetPresence returns presence for the given channels.
-	// When channel_ids is empty, returns all connected humanIDs across all channels
-	// under the key "_all" — useful for checking overall online status.
-	BulkGetPresence(context.Context, *BulkGetPresenceRequest) (*BulkGetPresenceResponse, error)
+	// Returns all currently connected human IDs.
+	GetOnlineHumanIds(context.Context, *GetOnlineHumanIdsRequest) (*GetOnlineHumanIdsResponse, error)
+	// Returns whether specific humans are currently online.
+	IsOnline(context.Context, *IsOnlineRequest) (*IsOnlineResponse, error)
+	// Returns presence (human IDs) for specific channels.
+	GetChannelPresence(context.Context, *GetChannelPresenceRequest) (*GetChannelPresenceResponse, error)
 	mustEmbedUnimplementedPusherServiceServer()
 }
 
@@ -68,8 +94,14 @@ type PusherServiceServer interface {
 // pointer dereference when methods are called.
 type UnimplementedPusherServiceServer struct{}
 
-func (UnimplementedPusherServiceServer) BulkGetPresence(context.Context, *BulkGetPresenceRequest) (*BulkGetPresenceResponse, error) {
-	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method BulkGetPresence not implemented")
+func (UnimplementedPusherServiceServer) GetOnlineHumanIds(context.Context, *GetOnlineHumanIdsRequest) (*GetOnlineHumanIdsResponse, error) {
+	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method GetOnlineHumanIds not implemented")
+}
+func (UnimplementedPusherServiceServer) IsOnline(context.Context, *IsOnlineRequest) (*IsOnlineResponse, error) {
+	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method IsOnline not implemented")
+}
+func (UnimplementedPusherServiceServer) GetChannelPresence(context.Context, *GetChannelPresenceRequest) (*GetChannelPresenceResponse, error) {
+	return nil, status.Errorf(codes.Unimplemented, "method GetChannelPresence not implemented")
 }
 func (UnimplementedPusherServiceServer) mustEmbedUnimplementedPusherServiceServer() {}
 func (UnimplementedPusherServiceServer) testEmbeddedByValue()                       {}
@@ -92,20 +124,56 @@ func RegisterPusherServiceServer(s grpc.ServiceRegistrar, srv PusherServiceServe
 	s.RegisterService(&PusherService_ServiceDesc, srv)
 }
 
-func _PusherService_BulkGetPresence_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
-	in := new(BulkGetPresenceRequest)
+func _PusherService_GetOnlineHumanIds_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
+	in := new(GetOnlineHumanIdsRequest)
 	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	if interceptor == nil {
-		return srv.(PusherServiceServer).BulkGetPresence(ctx, in)
+		return srv.(PusherServiceServer).GetOnlineHumanIds(ctx, in)
 	}
 	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
 		Server:     srv,
-		FullMethod: PusherService_BulkGetPresence_FullMethodName,
+		FullMethod: PusherService_GetOnlineHumanIds_FullMethodName,
 	}
 	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
-		return srv.(PusherServiceServer).BulkGetPresence(ctx, req.(*BulkGetPresenceRequest))
+		return srv.(PusherServiceServer).GetOnlineHumanIds(ctx, req.(*GetOnlineHumanIdsRequest))
+	}
+	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
+}
+
+func _PusherService_IsOnline_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
+	in := new(IsOnlineRequest)
+	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if interceptor == nil {
+		return srv.(PusherServiceServer).IsOnline(ctx, in)
+	}
+	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
+		Server:     srv,
+		FullMethod: PusherService_IsOnline_FullMethodName,
+	}
+	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+		return srv.(PusherServiceServer).IsOnline(ctx, req.(*IsOnlineRequest))
+	}
+	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
+}
+
+func _PusherService_GetChannelPresence_Handler(srv interface{}, ctx context.Context, dec func(interface{}) error, interceptor grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor) (interface{}, error) {
+	in := new(GetChannelPresenceRequest)
+	if err := dec(in); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if interceptor == nil {
+		return srv.(PusherServiceServer).GetChannelPresence(ctx, in)
+	}
+	info := &grpc.UnaryServerInfo{
+		Server:     srv,
+		FullMethod: PusherService_GetChannelPresence_FullMethodName,
+	}
+	handler := func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+		return srv.(PusherServiceServer).GetChannelPresence(ctx, req.(*GetChannelPresenceRequest))
 	}
 	return interceptor(ctx, in, info, handler)
 }
@@ -118,8 +186,16 @@ var PusherService_ServiceDesc = grpc.ServiceDesc{
 	HandlerType: (*PusherServiceServer)(nil),
 	Methods: []grpc.MethodDesc{
 		{
-			MethodName: "BulkGetPresence",
-			Handler:    _PusherService_BulkGetPresence_Handler,
+			MethodName: "GetOnlineHumanIds",
+			Handler:    _PusherService_GetOnlineHumanIds_Handler,
+		},
+		{
+			MethodName: "IsOnline",
+			Handler:    _PusherService_IsOnline_Handler,
+		},
+		{
+			MethodName: "GetChannelPresence",
+			Handler:    _PusherService_GetChannelPresence_Handler,
 		},
 	},
 	Streams:  []grpc.StreamDesc{},
diff --git a/go/internal/pusher/authorizer.go b/go/internal/pusher/authorizer.go
index b0c4c3d..9f60089 100644
--- a/go/internal/pusher/authorizer.go
+++ b/go/internal/pusher/authorizer.go
@@ -38,6 +38,13 @@ func (a *Authorizer) Authorize(ctx context.Context, channelID, humanID string) e
 		return a.authorizeNetwork(ctx, rest, humanID)
 	case "stream":
 		return a.authorizeStream(ctx, rest, humanID)
+	case "_presence":
+		// Always allowed — used for global online presence tracking.
+		// The channel ID is _presence:{humanId}, so verify the humanId matches.
+		if rest != humanID {
+			return ErrUnauthorized
+		}
+		return nil
 	default:
 		return ErrUnauthorized
 	}
diff --git a/go/internal/pusher/hub.go b/go/internal/pusher/hub.go
index 689d455..480e019 100644
--- a/go/internal/pusher/hub.go
+++ b/go/internal/pusher/hub.go
@@ -231,6 +231,11 @@ func (h *Hub) handleRemoteEvent(evt *remoteEvent) {
 	}
 }
 
+// Subscribe enqueues a subscribe request for the given connection and channel.
+func (h *Hub) Subscribe(conn *Conn, channelID string) {
+	h.subscribeCh <- &subscribeRequest{conn: conn, channelID: channelID}
+}
+
 // disconnect sends a connection to the disconnect channel.
 func (h *Hub) disconnect(conn *Conn) {
 	h.disconnectCh <- conn
diff --git a/go/internal/pusher/server.go b/go/internal/pusher/server.go
index a4dfb4c..37b997f 100644
--- a/go/internal/pusher/server.go
+++ b/go/internal/pusher/server.go
@@ -62,6 +62,9 @@ func (s *Server) HandleWebSocket(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(r.Context())
 	defer cancel()
 
+	// Auto-subscribe to presence channel so this user appears online
+	s.hub.Subscribe(conn, "_presence:"+session.HumanId)
+
 	// WritePump runs in a separate goroutine
 	go conn.WritePump(ctx)
 
@@ -71,29 +74,39 @@ func (s *Server) HandleWebSocket(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	slog.Info("websocket disconnected", "connId", connID, "humanId", session.HumanId)
 }
 
-// BulkGetPresence implements the gRPC PusherService.
-// When channel_ids is empty, returns all connected humanIDs across all channels
-// under the key "_all" — useful for checking overall online status.
-func (s *Server) BulkGetPresence(ctx context.Context, req *pbpusher.BulkGetPresenceRequest) (*pbpusher.BulkGetPresenceResponse, error) {
-	// Empty channel_ids → return all connected humans
-	if len(req.ChannelIds) == 0 {
-		humanIDs, err := s.bridge.GetAllConnectedHumanIDs(ctx)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		return &pbpusher.BulkGetPresenceResponse{
-			Presences: map[string]*pbpusher.ChannelPresence{
-				"_all": {HumanIds: humanIDs},
-			},
-		}, nil
+// GetOnlineHumanIds returns all currently connected human IDs.
+func (s *Server) GetOnlineHumanIds(ctx context.Context, _ *pbpusher.GetOnlineHumanIdsRequest) (*pbpusher.GetOnlineHumanIdsResponse, error) {
+	humanIDs, err := s.bridge.GetAllConnectedHumanIDs(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
+	return &pbpusher.GetOnlineHumanIdsResponse{HumanIds: humanIDs}, nil
+}
 
+// IsOnline checks whether specific humans are currently online.
+func (s *Server) IsOnline(ctx context.Context, req *pbpusher.IsOnlineRequest) (*pbpusher.IsOnlineResponse, error) {
+	allOnline, err := s.bridge.GetAllConnectedHumanIDs(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	onlineSet := make(map[string]bool, len(allOnline))
+	for _, id := range allOnline {
+		onlineSet[id] = true
+	}
+	result := make(map[string]bool, len(req.HumanIds))
+	for _, id := range req.HumanIds {
+		result[id] = onlineSet[id]
+	}
+	return &pbpusher.IsOnlineResponse{Online: result}, nil
+}
+
+// GetChannelPresence returns presence (human IDs) for specific channels.
+func (s *Server) GetChannelPresence(ctx context.Context, req *pbpusher.GetChannelPresenceRequest) (*pbpusher.GetChannelPresenceResponse, error) {
 	presence, err := s.bridge.GetPresence(ctx, req.ChannelIds)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-
-	resp := &pbpusher.BulkGetPresenceResponse{
+	resp := &pbpusher.GetChannelPresenceResponse{
 		Presences: make(map[string]*pbpusher.ChannelPresence, len(presence)),
 	}
 	for chID, humanIDs := range presence {
diff --git a/go/protocol b/go/protocol
index a8683c0..4caa29f 160000
--- a/go/protocol
+++ b/go/protocol
@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit a8683c0397d1144506078f6a8bb6991e2d6c4140
+Subproject commit 4caa29f5201d8c7ec86424e7bd3fbf151a262bdd